Also known as the Hypodermic Syringe Model, here the audience is passive. Images of texts are 'injected' directly into the brain, and the audience are powerless to resist.
Case Studies
The Murder of James Bulger -3 year old James Bulger was murdered by two 10 year old boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, in 1993. It had caused such an uproar, and some had blamed 'video nasties' such as Child's Play 3, due to its violent content which caused them to act out such violent actions.
HOWEVER, the two boys came from extremely terrible backgrounds, which would have defiantly had an impact on their lives. They, themselves, were abused, neglected and lived in a drug household.
Politicians failed themselves, not placing enough social care and therefore blamed this issue on the film. Newspapers blamed the film so as to sell papers.
The Murder of Stefan Pakeerah - Stefan Pakeerah was murdered by his friend, Warren Leblanc, in which his mother claimed that he was 'obsessed' with the game Manhunt, which contains graphic violence.
Evidence that proves the Effects Model;
1960s - Albert Bandura - the Bobo Doll Experiment. He wanted to see if children who watched violent films would act them out in reality. He believed that aggression must explain three aspects: 1. how aggression patterns of behaviour are developed, 2. What provokes people to behave aggressively, 3. What determines whether they are going to continue to resort to aggressive behaviour.
They had children watch violent aggression against a Bobo Doll. This featured someone hitting, punching etc against the doll. HOWEVER, after this they were placed in a room and told that they were not allowed to play with the toys. They were then placed in a room with a Bobo Doll and, therefrom after being angry and frustrated, 88% of the children attacked the Bobo Doll.
The Effects Model is not reliable and appears to be used as something to fall back on. The effect to make violent acts is debatable.
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